It is my firm belief that Tuvan culture does NOT need to be changed.
Tuva (or Tyva – if you are going by the modern pronunciation; though, most Tuvan's I know still use the old pronunciation) is a beautiful place with beautiful people and a beautiful culture. I feel that part of the beauty of the culture is its uniqueness, which is protected by its isolation - having no railroads and being sheltered by the Sayan Mountains. It is amazing that these people have hung on to their native language when so many other native languages are dying. And it is inspiring to see their deep pride in their culture.
Unfortunately their culture has been under attack for most of their nation's history - especially during the time of the Soviet Union. During the USSR many ethnically Russian people moved to the republic – flooding the cities and institutions with their language, philosophies, way of life, etc. In modern day, the number of ethnic Russians in the Republic has significantly declined (and continues to do so). Even though the ratio of Russians to Tuvans is decreasing, the percentage of funds from Moscow keeping the Republic afloat is increasing.
From my observation the biggest threat to the Tuvan culture is not Russians, westerners, or promotion of any other culture – but rather the problems that are causing the people themselves to suffer; a poor economy, unemployment, alcoholism, murder and other violent crimes.
Poor economy and unemployment are first on my list because of the number of families I know suffering from it. There are people that simply cannot afford to feed their families and heat their homes. People in the villages and towns throughout the republic continue to move to Tuva's capital, Kyzyl, looking for work. On top of this, youth and other "people of promise" are quick to leave the Republic all together to pursue higher education and better work opportunities, often returning to Tuva just to visit relatives'.
As far as alcoholism is concerned, its effects can be seen throughout the Republic. While some might argue alcohol as being a part of Tuvan culture, I think it's fair to say that at one point in history it was foreign. Most Tuvans (especially wives and children) I have talked to don't look at alcoholism in a positive light. Alcoholism plagues the region, especially in villages. I think it's safe to say that alcoholism is the main cause of other threats to society; crime, violence and even murder. Off the top of my head I can't tell you any statistics, but I have heard from a number of sources that the Republic of Tuva has the highest crime rate in Russia. During conversations with people who live or have lived in Tuva I have been amazed to hear that they personally knew at least one person who was murdered.
So, does Tuva need to be changed?
For the preservation of Tuvan culture and the sake of the Tuvan people, I hope that there is change – change that will diminish the threats to Tuvan culture and society, while supporting and preserving their beautiful culture.
I pray that I can help promote solutions to threats on Tuvan society without changing Tuvan culture. I want to live in the culture, learn the culture, adopt the culture and promote the culture.
